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MiCA License

If you serve EU users with crypto services, you need an EU authorization. The market calls it a MiCA license. The law calls it a Crypto Asset Service Provider (CASP) authorization under Regulation (EU) 2023/1114. This page explains what that license covers, which of the three MiCA authorizations fits your model, what capital the law sets, how passporting works, and where to file.

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Aaron Glauberman

Your expert for this topic

Aaron Glauberman

Co-Founder and Managing Partner

Aaron Glauberman specializes in crypto and FinTech licensing, MiCA and PSD2 frameworks, and cross-border corporate structuring.

What a MiCA license actually is

MiCA does not use the word license. It grants authorizations. When founders, banks, and partners ask for a MiCA license, they mean a CASP authorization issued by the national competent authority of an EU member state.

The authorization permits the holder to provide regulated crypto asset services across the EU. The home authority grants it after it checks the full file. The holder then notifies other member states before it starts activity there. That notification route is passporting under MiCA Article 65.

MiCA entered into force in June 2023. The CASP rules in Title V applied from 30 December 2024. The transitional cover for firms that operated legally before that date under national law ran to 1 July 2026 under Article 143(3). That window is closed. New activity for EU users now needs an authorization. The MiCA regulation tracker follows national implementation, the MiCA compliance guide explains current obligations in plain terms, and ESMA’s MiCA page links the official texts and registers.

A MiCA compliance training course is not a license. Courses teach staff how the framework works. Only a home authority can authorize a firm.

Three authorizations people call a MiCA license

One phrase covers three tracks. Your business model decides which one you file for.

CASP authorization (Title V)

One or more of the ten crypto asset services for EU clients, including custody, exchange, order execution, order reception and transmission, trading platform operation, placement, advice, portfolio management, and transfer services. Granted by the home national competent authority.

Most founders need this track. Exchanges, brokers, custodians, OTC desks, crypto payment processors, and advisory firms file as CASPs. The full service classes live on the CASP license guide, which details capital classes and the file structure.

One or more of the ten crypto asset services for EU clients, including custody, exchange, order execution, order reception and transmission, trading platform operation, placement, advice, portfolio management, and transfer services. Granted by the home national competent authority.

Most founders need this track. Exchanges, brokers, custodians, OTC desks, crypto payment processors, and advisory firms file as CASPs. The full service classes live on the CASP license guide, which details capital classes and the file structure.

Who needs one

The test is activity based. Any business that provides crypto asset services to EU users on a professional basis needs a CASP authorization. The place of incorporation does not remove the duty. If you target EU clients, you fall in scope.

Third country firms must form an EU legal entity before they apply. A branch of a non EU company cannot hold the authorization directly. After the EU entity wins authorization, it passports into the states it wants to serve.

Reverse solicitation does not solve the entry problem at scale. ESMA reads it narrowly. It covers cases where an EU client approaches the firm on its own initiative with no prior promotion. Any marketing, referral payments, or EU facing funnels point the other way.

Firms outside the EU that only hold an offshore registration stay outside the EU market. The VASP license guide explains where FATF based registrations still work and where they do not grant EU access. If your roadmap includes the EU, plan for an EU entity and a CASP file.

Capital and fees at a glance

MiCA sets the capital floor by law in Annex IV. It applies in every member state. Your service scope decides which tier you meet.

Service classMinimum own fundsTypical services in this tier
Class 1EUR 50,000Advice on crypto assets, reception and transmission of orders, portfolio management, execution of orders on a standalone non custodial basis, placing of crypto assets without a firm commitment
Class 2EUR 125,000Custody and administration of crypto assets on behalf of clients, exchange of crypto assets for funds, exchange of crypto assets for other crypto assets, transfer services for crypto assets on behalf of clients
Class 3EUR 150,000Operation of a trading platform for crypto assets, placing of crypto assets on a firm commitment basis

A firm that seeks services across classes meets the highest applicable tier. Authorities can ask for more capital based on the risk profile of the model.

Filing fees, annual supervision fees, office and staffing costs, and legal preparation vary by member state. LegalBison does not publish flat fee bands because the file depends on your services, governance, and jurisdiction. Every engagement is scoped to the model after an initial assessment. Contact us for a project specific estimate.

Ongoing duties add to the post authorization budget. Expect AML program costs, regulatory reporting, audit, and ICT resilience duties, including DORA alignment for CASPs as financial sector entities. The legal services overview describes how the firm structures that work, and company registration covers the EU entity step.

WHICH JURISDICTION AND LICENSE TO CHOOSE FOR YOUR PROJECT

MiCA licenses by EU jurisdiction

Pick the right member state for your CASP authorization

Estonia Estonia

Estonia

from 1.420 €

  • 0% Corporate Income Tax
  • Cheap and fast process
  • No travel needed

Malta Malta

Malta

on request

  • Low tax CASP license
  • Reputed FinTech hub
  • Easy remote operation

Czech Republic Czech Republic

Czech Republic

on request

  • Reputed Central European hub
  • Experienced crypto regulator
  • Straightforward operations

Poland Poland

Poland

on request

  • MiCA Compliant CASP License
  • Enhanced Banking Relationships
  • Operational Cost Efficiency

Ireland Ireland

Ireland

on request

  • Seamless EU Passporting
  • Supreme Legal Certainty
  • Thriving Innovation Ecosystem

Austria Austria

Austria

on request

  • Live FMA regime
  • Pre-application meetings
  • Prestigious financial center

Slovakia Slovakia

Slovakia

on request

  • Live regime
  • Strictest transition record
  • Paper filing in Slovak

Latvia Latvia

Latvia

on request

  • Live CASP regime
  • EU-wide passport
  • License filing from 3 months

Romania Romania

Romania

on request

  • Live CASP regime
  • EU-wide passport
  • License filing from 3 months

Passporting and supervision after authorization

One authorization covers 27 states

After the home authority grants it, the CASP notifies each host state through its home authority and then starts activity there. No second license is needed in the host state.

ESMA publishes the interim register of authorized CASPs and token issuers. Banks, payment processors, and listing venues check it during onboarding. If your firm is not on it, EU partners treat you as unauthorized.

After the home authority grants it, the CASP notifies each host state through its home authority and then starts activity there. No second license is needed in the host state.

ESMA publishes the interim register of authorized CASPs and token issuers. Banks, payment processors, and listing venues check it during onboarding. If your firm is not on it, EU partners treat you as unauthorized.

Choose a jurisdiction

JurisdictionRegime status and route
PolandNo open CASP route yet. The designated authority cannot accept filings until national law empowers it; the working path is a live EU CASP passported in. See the Poland crypto license status.
EstoniaLive FSA regime under the Crypto Markets Act. The old FIU register closed on 1 July 2026; new entrants file as CASPs with the FSA. See the Estonia crypto license route.
Czech RepublicLive Czech National Bank regime. Firms that filed during the transition now hold decisions or remain in queue; new entrants file directly. See the Czech Republic crypto license route.
AustriaLive FMA regime with pre application meetings and an investment firm notification track for qualifying firms. See the Austria crypto license route.
MaltaLive MFSA regime with a two track transition for legacy holders. New entrants file as CASPs. See the Malta crypto license route.
SlovakiaLive regime with the strictest transition record and paper filing in Slovak. New entrants should budget for translation and in person steps. See the Slovakia crypto license route.
IrelandLive regime under the home authority with an English language file. See the Ireland MiCA license page.
LatviaLive regime under the home authority. See the Latvia CASP license page.
RomaniaLive regime under the home authority. See the Romania CASP license page.

How LegalBison helps

LegalBison acts as a licensed Corporate Service Provider and project manager for the full route. The firm confirms the correct authorization, picks the jurisdiction that fits your services and banking needs, forms the EU entity, drafts the program of operations and governance pack, files with the home authority, and coordinates passport notifications.

The work starts with a free consultation on model and jurisdiction. You receive a scoped plan with steps, documents, and timeline before you engage.

MiCA license questions

It is shorthand for an EU authorization to provide crypto asset services. The legal term is a CASP authorization under Title V of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114. A home authority grants it. It passports across the EU.

Information on this page is general and may change as regulations change. It isn’t legal, tax, or investment advice. Contact us for advice on your situation. Read our full disclaimer.

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